![]() Recent advances in satellite remote sensing techniques have greatly improved constraints on the eruptive flux of SO 2 (and several other volatile species) from volcanoes 3, 8, 9, 10, but the non-eruptive or passive volcanic degassing flux of SO 2 (hereafter, PVF) remains poorly constrained. Sulfur species, principally sulfur dioxide (SO 2), are of most interest due to the ease of SO 2 measurement via ground- and satellite-based remote sensing 2, 3 and their key role in the processes responsible for volcanic impacts on the environment, health, atmospheric chemistry and climate 4, 5, 6, 7. ![]() We find that ~30% of the sources show significant decadal trends in SO 2 emissions, with positive trends observed at multiple volcanoes in some regions including Vanuatu, southern Japan, Peru and Chile.Īccurate inventories of the current spatial and temporal distribution of volcanic gas emissions to the atmosphere are required for numerous applications, ranging from baseline volcano monitoring to assessment of the impacts of volcanic degassing on the broader Earth system 1. On average over the past decade, the volcanic SO 2 sources consistently detected from space have discharged a total of ~63 kt/day SO 2 during passive degassing, or ~23 ± 2 Tg/yr. The OMI measurements permit estimation of SO 2 emissions from over 90 volcanoes, including new constraints on fluxes from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Aleutian Islands, the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka. We report here the first volcanic SO 2 emissions inventory derived from global, coincident satellite measurements, made by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite in 2005–2015. Despite its significance, an inventory of passive volcanic degassing is very difficult to produce, due largely to the patchy spatial and temporal coverage of ground-based SO 2 measurements. It is also a required input for atmospheric chemistry and climate models, since it impacts the tropospheric burden of sulfate aerosol, a major climate-forcing species. The global flux of sulfur dioxide (SO 2) emitted by passive volcanic degassing is a key parameter that constrains the fluxes of other volcanic gases (including carbon dioxide, CO 2) and toxic trace metals (e.g., mercury).
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